Install and Configure VNC on Ubuntu 20.04: A Step-by-Step Guide

4 min read 15-11-2024

Install and Configure VNC on Ubuntu 20.04: A Step-by-Step Guide

When it comes to remote desktop solutions, Virtual Network Computing (VNC) stands out as a popular choice for many users, especially those working within the Ubuntu ecosystem. VNC allows users to access their Ubuntu desktop environment remotely, providing an effective way to work on projects, troubleshoot issues, or simply access files from different locations. In this comprehensive guide, we will walk you through the process of installing and configuring VNC on Ubuntu 20.04.

What is VNC?

Virtual Network Computing (VNC) is a graphical desktop sharing system that uses the Remote Frame Buffer protocol to remotely control another computer. It transmits the keyboard and mouse events from one computer to another, relaying the graphical screen updates back in the other direction. This allows users to control a remote machine as if they were sitting right in front of it.

Why Use VNC on Ubuntu 20.04?

Remote Access: Work from anywhere, allowing for flexibility in remote work setups.
Multiple Platforms: VNC is compatible with various operating systems, making it easier to control multiple machines.
GUI Support: Provides a graphical interface, making it user-friendly, particularly for those who may not be as comfortable with command-line tools.

Pre-requisites

Before we begin, it's important to ensure that your system meets the following requirements:

An Ubuntu 20.04 system with a desktop environment installed.
Access to a terminal with sudo privileges.
A stable internet connection for installation packages.

Step 1: Installing VNC Server

To start, we need to install a VNC server. For Ubuntu 20.04, a commonly used VNC server is TigerVNC. Here’s how you can install it:

Open Terminal: You can do this by pressing Ctrl + Alt + T.
Update your package index:
```
sudo apt update
```

Install TigerVNC:

sudo apt install tigervnc-standalone-server tigervnc-common

Confirm the installation: When prompted, press 'Y' and hit Enter to confirm.

Step 2: Setting Up the VNC Server

After installing the VNC server, the next step is to set up the VNC server with a user configuration.

Set a VNC password: This is crucial for security. Run the following command:
```
vncpasswd
```
You will be prompted to enter and confirm your password. You can also choose to create a view-only password if necessary.
Create a new configuration file for VNC: Create a directory for VNC sessions and a configuration file:
```
mkdir -p ~/.vnc
nano ~/.vnc/xstartup
```
Edit the xstartup file: You can use any text editor, such as nano. Add the following lines to the file:
```
#!/bin/sh
xrdb $HOME/.Xresources
startxfce4 &
```
This assumes you are using the XFCE desktop environment. If you’re using a different one, replace startxfce4 with the relevant command (like gnome-session for GNOME).
Make the xstartup file executable:
```
chmod +x ~/.vnc/xstartup
```

Step 3: Starting the VNC Server

Now that everything is set up, you can start the VNC server.

Start the VNC server:
```
vncserver
```
This command will start a new VNC session, usually on display :1, which means that your VNC server can be accessed at your-ip-address:1.
Check the status: You can check the running VNC sessions using:
```
vncserver -list
```

Step 4: Configuring Firewall for VNC

For the VNC server to be accessible from external networks, you might need to configure your firewall.

Allow VNC connections:
```
sudo ufw allow 5901
```
Note: 5901 corresponds to display :1. For display :2, it would be 5902, and so on.
Enable the firewall (if it’s not already enabled):
```
sudo ufw enable
```

Step 5: Accessing the VNC Server

You can now access your VNC server from another computer. You will need a VNC client installed on that machine. Examples include RealVNC, TightVNC, and TigerVNC Viewer.

Open the VNC client.
Enter the server address: Input your-ip-address:1 in the VNC client.
Input your password when prompted.

Step 6: Stopping the VNC Server

When you’re done with your remote session, you might want to stop the VNC server.

Stop the VNC server using the following command:
```
vncserver -kill :1
```

Conclusion

In this guide, we've walked through the process of installing and configuring VNC on Ubuntu 20.04. From installation to setting up a secure connection, we’ve covered the critical steps involved. VNC provides a simple yet powerful way to access remote desktops, making it an excellent tool for system administrators and remote workers alike. As remote work continues to grow, having tools like VNC at your disposal will ensure that you maintain productivity from anywhere.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. What is VNC?

VNC stands for Virtual Network Computing, a desktop sharing system that enables remote control of another computer.

2. Can I run VNC without a desktop environment?

No, VNC requires a graphical desktop environment to function as it relays graphical screen updates.

3. What VNC server is recommended for Ubuntu 20.04?

TigerVNC is recommended due to its stability and performance.

4. Is VNC secure?

By default, VNC does not encrypt its traffic. It's advised to use an SSH tunnel for secure connections.

5. How do I change the VNC password?

You can change your VNC password by running the vncpasswd command again and entering a new password when prompted.

This concludes our comprehensive guide on installing and configuring VNC on Ubuntu 20.04. With this knowledge, you can now effectively utilize remote desktop capabilities and enhance your productivity whether in the office or at home.